Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output can be discussed as the heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) which is the amount of blood ejected with each beat of the heart

Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

Q = HR x SV

When resting an average person’s stroke volume is 70ml per beat and 70 beats per minute. This results in a cardiac output of approx 5,000ml per minute or 5 litres per minute. The cardiac output requirement is determined by the demand for oxygen at rest and the need to supply a high blood flow to the kidneys.

The cardiac output doesn’t change during rest as a result of aerobic training, however, the way in which the heart delivers the resting demand does. For example :

  • Following 6 to 8 months of aerobic training the resting heart rate could decrease to 50 beats per minute.
  • Resting stroke volume could increase to approximately 100ml per beat.
    Depending on the intensity of exercise, cardiac output will increase rapidly and then gradually until a steady state is reached.
  • An average cardiac output for a resting healthy male is 5 litres per minute.
  • During exercise this may increase by as much as 25 to 30 litres per minute.
  • In endurance athletes this could raise to 35 to 40 litres per minute.

    • Cardiac Output
    Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart during a one minute period. Cardiac output shows us the functional capacity of the cardiovascular system to meet the demands of physical activity.

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